Specific Learning Disability (SLD): Unlocking Student Potential Through Support

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Definition

According to IDEA, a Specific Learning Disability (SLD) is a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. This may affect the ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do math. Common types of SLDs include dyslexia (reading), dysgraphia (writing), and dyscalculia (math). SLD is not due to other conditions like visual or hearing impairments, intellectual disability, or emotional disturbance.

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Source: https://www.adcet.edu.au/inclusive-technology/specific-learning-disability

Characteristics

Students with SLD may:

• Read slowly or confuse similar words

• Struggle with spelling or organizing written ideas

• Have difficulty solving math problems or remembering math facts

• Need extra time to process spoken or written instructions

• Show strong skills in some areas and struggle in others

• Feel frustrated or avoid tasks they find difficult

Each student’s learning profile is unique—strengths and challenges may vary.

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Accommodations & Modifications

Teachers can support students with SLD through:

• Audiobooks or text-to-speech tools for reading

• Speech-to-text or graphic organizers for writing

• Use of calculators or hands-on materials for math

• Extra time on tests and assignments

• Step-by-step instructions or visuals

• Small group or one-on-one support

• Encouraging self-confidence and providing frequent feedback

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Resources

1. 🧤 Understood.org – What Is a Learning Disability?

This family-friendly guide explains what SLDs are, how they show up in school, and how to support students at home and in the classroom.

2. 🧤 Reading Rockets – Reading and Learning Disabilities

Offers teaching strategies, videos, and resources to support students with dyslexia and other reading challenges.

3. 📽 Video: What Are Specific Learning Disabilities In Special Education? - CountyOffice.org

A clear and contemporary explainer video covering SLD definitions, examples, and how educators can support students in real classrooms.

4. 📖 Book: The Complete Learning Disabilities Handbook by Joan M. Harwell

This practical guide for teachers and parents offers hundreds of strategies for supporting students with SLD in reading, writing, and math.

5. 🧤 National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD)

Provides research-based articles, success stories, and advocacy tools to support students with learning disabilities and their families.